Shadows

Getting started with ... is a concise series introducing you to the practicalities of web development. You'll set up the tools you need to construct a simple webpage and publish your own simple code.

Say you've been sent a design to build and in that design there's a picture of a t-shirt, cut out, with a drop shadow. The designer tells you that the product image is dynamic and can be updated via the content management system, so the drop shadow needs to be dynamic too. Instead of a t-shirt, the image could be a visor or shorts, or any other item. How do you do that with CSS?

CSS has the box-shadow and text-shadow properties, but the picture isn't text, so you can't use text-shadow. If you use box-shadow, the shadow is on the surrounding box, not around the t-shirt.

Luckily, there is another option: the drop-shadow() filter. This enables you to do exactly what the designer asked for. There are plenty of options when it comes to shadows in CSS, each designed for a different use case.

Box shadow

Browser Support

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The box-shadow property is for adding shadows to the box of an HTML element. It works on block elements and inline elements.

.my-element {
                                    box-shadow: 5px 5px 20px 5px #000;
                                }

The order of values for box-shadow are as follows:

Horizontal offset: a positive number pushes it out from the left and a negative number will push it out from the right.
Vertical offset: a positive number pushes it down from the top, and a negative number will push it up from the bottom.
Blur radius: a larger number produces a more blurred shadow, whereas a small number produces a sharper shadow.
Spread radius (optional): a larger number increases the size of the shadow and a smaller number decreases it, making it the same size as the blur radius if it's set to 0.
Color: Any valid color value. If this isn't defined, the computed text color will be used.

To make a box shadow an inner shadow, rather than the default outer shadow, add an inset keyword before the other properties.

/* Outer shadow */
                                .my-element {
                                    box-shadow: 5px 5px 20px 5px #000;
                                }
                                
                                /* Inner shadow */
                                .my-element {
                                    box-shadow: inset 5px 5px 20px 5px #000;
                                }

Multiple shadows

You can add as many shadows as you like with box-shadow. Add a comma separated collection of value sets to achieve this:

.my-element {
                                  box-shadow: 5px 5px 20px 5px darkslateblue, -5px -5px 20px 5px dodgerblue,
                                    inset 0px 0px 10px 2px darkslategray, inset 0px 0px 20px 10px steelblue;
                                }

Properties affecting box-shadow

Adding a border-radius to your box will also affect the shape of the box shadow. This is because CSS is creating a shadow based on the shape of the box as if light is pointing at it.

.my-element {
                                  box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 5px darkslateblue;
                                  border-radius: 25px;
                                }

If your box with box-shadow is in a container that has overflow: hidden, the shadow won't break out of that overflow either.

<div class="my-parent">
                                  <div class="my-shadow">My shadow is hidden by my parent.</div>
                                </div>

.my-parent,
                                .my-shadow {
                                  width: 250px;
                                  height: 250px;
                                }
                                
                                .my-shadow {
                                  box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 5px darkslateblue;
                                }
                                
                                .my-parent {
                                  overflow: hidden;
                                }

Text shadow

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The text-shadow property is very similar to the box-shadow property. It only works on text nodes.

.my-element {
                                  text-shadow: 3px 3px 3px hotpink;
                                }

The values for text-shadow are the same as box-shadow and in the same order. The only difference is that text-shadow has no spread value and no inset keyword.

When you add a box-shadow it is clipped to the shape of your box, but text-shadow has no clipping. This means that if your text is fully or semi transparent, the shadow is visible through it.

.my-element {
                                  text-shadow: 3px 3px 3px gold;
                                  color: rgb(0 0 0 / 70%);
                                }

Multiple shadows

You can add as many shadows as you like with text-shadow, just as with box-shadow. Add a comma separated collection of value sets, and you can create some really cool text effects, such as 3D text.

.my-element {
                                  text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px white,
                                    2px 2px 0px firebrick;
                                  color: darkslategray;
                                }

Drop shadow

To achieve a drop shadow that follows any potential curves of an image, use the CSS drop-shadow filter. This shadow is applied to an alpha mask which makes it very useful for adding a shadow to a cutout image, as in the case in the intro of this module.

.my-image {
                                  filter: drop-shadow(0px 0px 10px rgba(0 0 0 / 30%))
                                }

The drop-shadow filter has the same values as box-shadow but the inset keyword and spread value are not allowed. You can add as many shadows as you like, by adding multiple instances of drop-shadow values to the filter property. Each shadow will use the last shadow as a positioning reference point.